在6.21的考试中，出现了一道之前的考题：

有哪些原因可能导致人们不帮助他人（inaction)或者说面对困难时袖手旁观会带来什么影响？

日常生活中，当我们在公共场合遇到突发事件时，内心往往陷入矛盾：一半倾向施以援手，另一半却选择旁观。而就在这种犹豫中，我们常常错失帮助他人的最佳时机。那么，究竟是什么阻碍了我们的行动？

Darley and Latané introduced a five-step process people unconsciously go through when deciding whether to help:

Notice that something is happening.意识到某事正在发生

Interpret the situation as an emergency.判定是一件紧急事件

Accept responsibility to intervene.承担干预的（社会）责任

Decide how to help.决定帮助方式

Act upon that decision.实施行动

接下来我们一起来整理下这道题可行的思路：

这道题目意图让我们分析路遇困难选择作为旁观者（bystanders/onlookers)的原因(cause)或者结果(effect)

以下几种回答框架均可以:

a.原因1+原因2；

b.结果1+结果2；

c.原因+结果；

大部分同学可以想到原因为“怕麻烦”、“怕担责任”，我们可以顺着这些思路来整理原因：

💡1.不确定具体情况  not sure about the situation

uncounscious or drunk; funny joke or harassment-look for other people to know how to respond

This dynamic sometimes appears in school bullying contexts, where otherwise kind children remain silent because they don't see their peers speaking up. It also influences how neighbors respond— or don't respond— when they witness an unusual situation.

💡2.身在群体中，不愿承担个人责任in a group setting: unwilling to take personal responsibility/也叫作 diffusion of responsibili

比如我们在街上看到一个人晕倒，这时候马路上共有50个旁观者，那么我们和剩下的49人都在期待一个人来打电话；正是由于大家都这样，反而没有人开始行动，因为均摊到每个人的责任变得很少

但当我们身处现场且是唯一的目击者时，我们就会更有动力主动行动：When you're alone and see an accident, you know you're the only one available to help, so you might spring into action more quickly.

💡3. 担忧可能的结果fear of consequences

worry stand out-potentially get physically hurt/ professional consequences

most prevelant in terms of leading to action

关于缺少社会凝聚力结果，我们也可以下面的例子:

👉1.生命健康受到影响

At a subway station, a passenger suddenly collapsed, and onlookers took photos or videos without anyone offering assistance, ultimately delaying medical aid and leading to death.

👉2.霸凌给孩子带来持续的心理创伤

Incidents of bullying in schools frequently occur, where peers observe but do not intervene to stop the perpetrator, resulting in severe psychological and physical trauma to the victim.

那么结合以上思路，我们为大家整理了一些语料段子，可以用到回答中：

Potential helpers may worry about physical harm, legal trouble, or social embarrassment. For instance, breaking up a fight carries the risk of injury, while reporting workplace harassment might lead to professional retaliation. This fear is particularly strong in hierarchical environments, where people avoid "standing out" to protect their social standing.

People often hesitate because they are unsure whether help is truly needed. In ambiguous cases—such as seeing someone slumped on a park bench—bystanders may question: "Is this person in danger, or just resting?" Without clear signals of distress, many opt to do nothing, fearing they might overreact.