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小编： 0距离新托福上线还有4个月，ETS官方翻题库已经进入“考古”模式，有些题老到一定程度，就宛若新题了😂
快来看看这场考试有哪些内容吧👇
2025.8.23上午场
- GLOBAL EDUCATION -
The narwhal is a medium-sized whale that lives year-round in the Arctic. The species has attracted a lot of scientific attention over the years because it has a perfectly straight 2-to-3-meter-long tusk projecting from its head. Scientists have long wondered what the purpose of the tusk might be. Three possible functions of the tusk have been proposed.
1. 顶破冰层，帮助自己探出头呼吸
First, the narwhal dwells and hunts within the Arctic Circle, where the sea is often covered with thick pack ice. Like other whales, the narwhal needs air to breathe and cannot stay underwater indefinitely. Eye witnesses have reported seeing narwhales use their tusks to pierce through the ice sheet from below. The ability to break the icein this way would give a narwhal access to air whenever it needed totake a breath. That would make it possible for narwhals to freely hunt in waters that are covered with ice.
2. 作为武器，与其他同伴竞争
Second, the tusk could serve as a weapon for fighting with othermale narwhales as they compete for territory. Just as rams and male deer charge at one another with their horns or antlers, male narwhales, it seems, may charge or joust with one another. Some observers have claimed to have seen aggressive clashing of tusks between male narwhales.
3.tusk上有很多微小的洞, 连接着中央神经, 帮助narwhal感知海洋化学特征的变化
Third, the surface of the tusk contains many millions of microscopic holes connected to nerves. This configuration suggests that the tusk serves as a sensor that allows the narwhal to detect ocean properties, for example water pressure, temperature, salinity of the water, and even barometric pressure above the water's surface. The ability to sense such properties would be an important adaptation aiding the narwhal's survival.
1. tusk可以非常轻易地被折弯，并不能击穿冰层；冰层其实是自己破裂了，然后narwhal在这些地方探出头去呼吸，可以在水下待很久
2. 人们从远处看，narwhal像是在打架，但是在近处观察时，其实是在tusking，用tusk轻轻地触碰对方，这是一种特别的交流方式
3. 几乎所有的雄性都有tusk，但很少有雌性有tusk，但雌性的寿命都比雄性的长，因此tusk不能帮助narwhal感知海洋特性，帮助自己存活
1. Dr. Gupta：
With the widespread use of technology, some people believe that long exposure to digital devices will have a bad influence on the brain development of children. Do you think technology has made children less creative than they were in the past? Why?
2. Andrew：
With the rise of screen time and structured activities, children may have less time to engage in imaginative play and exploration, which can limit their opportunities to exercise their creativity.
3. Claire：
By providing access to a vast array of information and resources, technology can expose children to diverse viewpoints, cultures, and experiences that they might not encounter otherwise. This exposure is instrumental in fostering creativity in young minds.
The Anasazi, an ancient people of the American Southwest, lived for centuries in impressive cliffdwellings, refining their agriculture and achieving ahigh degree of civilization. Then, at the height of theirculture, they abruptly vanished from theirwell-fortified homes. Archaeologists have long speculated on why they left. Several facts suggest that a devastating attack by a neighboring people wiped out the Anasazi.
First, several locations important to the Anasazi weredestroyed by fire shortly before they vanished,suggesting all-out war with a neighboring people.Specifically, the Anasazi's sacred ceremonial places,known as kivas, were burned. This desecration mayhave occurred during a conflict or soon after, perhapsto discourage surviving Anasazi from attempting toreturn. Either way, this systematic burning pointsunmistakably to war.
Second, the artifacts left behind by the Anasaziindicate that they were eliminated or forced outabruptly. Household items, baskets, and tools werefound scattered within and around the Anasazi homes.The Anasazi were not even able to pack up theirthings. Evidently, they did not choose to leave; some sort of attack must have driven them out by force.
Third, the Anasazi vanished from their homes at thevery height of their culture. The Anasazi wereundergoing cultural diversification, and theirpopulation was expanding. During such a cultural andpolitical expansion, they would have used resources, particularly water, that were also used by othergroups in the area. In fact, the Anasazi had built anelaborate irrigation system to support theiragriculture in the very dry climate of the AmericanWest. Thus it is very probable that a dispute overaccess to water led to a violent conflict with theirneighbors, and the Anasazi were driven out of theirdwellings.
毫无疑问，阿纳萨齐人匆忙地离开了他们的崖壁居所，但这并不意味着他们是因为战争而这样做澴离当。历史表明，许多被长期占据的地方之所以迅速地分被遗弃，是由于突然且灾难性的水资源短缺，痘会自干旱。阅读文章中所解读为战争证据的那些现象，很可能只是缺水的后果，而众所周知，阿纳萨齐人就曾深受缺水困扰。
There's no doubt the Anasazi left their cliff dwellingsin a hurry, but that doesn't mean they did that because of a war. History shows that many places that were occupied for long periods have been abandoned quickly because of sudden and catastrophic water shortage, a drought. What the reading passage interprets as evidence of war could just as easily be the result of a lack of water, which the Anasazi are known to have struggled with.
首先，这些神圣的仪式场地可能在阿纳萨齐人离开这片饱受干旱困扰的地区时被他们自己焚毁。在许多文化中，对场所和物品进行仪式性焚毁是一种常见习俗。通过焚毁一个旧的仪式场所，人谤的犝蚋ⅰ癣可以表达一个象征性的含义，即他们永远不会荽业自回来，并且当他们找到新家园时，他们将建立新的仪式场所。
First, the sacred ceremonial grounds may have been burned by the Anasazi themselves as they left the drought-stricken area. Ritual burning of places and objects is a common feature of many cultures. Ritual burning can have a symbolic meaning by burning anold ceremonial place. The people are expressing the fact that they will never return, and that they will establish a new ceremonial place when they find a new home.
其次，干旱更能合理解释为何阿纳萨奇人遗留大量财产。这与阅读文章中的解释相比更为合理。在战争中，进攻方通常会夺取被攻击方玺省元物资，但阿纳萨奇人遗留下的财产却无人取庸少究。另一方面，自愿离开被干旱肆虐地区的人更有可能留下一些东西，因为他们需要随身携带的仅是他们能够携带的食品和饮水，而其他妚以的不必要的东西则被留在了身后。
Second, drought better explains why the Anasazi left behind a lot of possessions. It's a better explanation than the one in the reading passage. In wars, the attackers usually take the goods of the people being attacked, but no one took the possessions that the Anasazi left behind. On the other hand, people leaving a drought ravaged area of their own choice are likely to leave things behind. All they need to take with them is whatever food and water they can carry and they leave behind what they don't need.
第三，你从这段文字中读到，阿纳萨齐的人口已经变得非常庞大。这正是他们极易受到水资源短缺影响的原因。当阿纳萨齐的人口还不多时，水资源短缺对食物供应的影响较小，因为小种群并不需要太多的食物。但随着人口的扩张，水资源短缺很容易导致灾难性的食物短缺。简言之，阿纳萨齐的人口增长超出了现有资源的承载能力，这也是他们放弃悬崖上的住所、转而寻找水资源和食物的新定居点的原因。
Third, you read in the passage that the Anasazi population had gotten very large. Well, that's exactly what made it very vulnerable to water shortages. When the Anasazi population was small, water shortages had less impact on their food supply because a small population does not need a lot of food. But when the population expanded, a water shortage could easily cause catastrophic food shortages. In short, the Anasazi population became too large for the available resources, and that's why they abandoned their cliff dwellings for new sites with more water and food.
1. Dr. Achebe：
In the next two weeks, we are going to be studying how biological discoveries have affected our lives. Research in biology provides us with a better understanding of how our bodies work. As an introduction to this topic, I would like for you to discuss among yourselves this question: What is the most important thing a person can do to maintain good health? Please explain why you think so.
2. Claire：
I feel very strongly that a good diet is the most important factor in maintaining good health. Eating good, healthy foods, especially green vegetables, gives your body the materials it needs to stay strong. Good nutrition is the key to good health.
3. Paul：
Most people don’t visit the doctor for regular checkups. Sure, if they feel sick, they go, but that’s not enough. During a yearly exam, a physician can help a patient address health issues before they become a larger problem. So I think preventive doctor visits are key to good health.
Most cities in the United States have recycling programs, and people are constantly trying to find ways to improve these programs. In the traditional system, people have to sort their recyclables intovarious types-paper, cardboard, aluminum, glass, and plastic. Inthe single-stream system, however, people can place all theirrecyclables in a single container. A truck then comes to pick upthese materials and takes them to a single-stream sorting machine where the different materials are sorted by type, recycled, and then sold for further processing. However, single-stream recycling hasserious disadvantages.
First, single-stream recycling can be dangerous for workers at therecycling center. While the sorting process for most recyclablematerials is done by machine, glass needs to be separated andsorted by hand from other materials collected for recycling. Glass isoften broken in the process of collecting the materials, so workerswho sort glass from the other materials are at risk of being cut.
Second, contamination-that is, materials not being separated well from one another-is practically unavoidable in single-stream recycling. The sorting process is complex and far from perfect; the different types of recyclables do not always get sorted correctly. For example, plastic can accidentally be shredded along with recycled paper. In cases when enough plastic gets mixed in with the paper, the overall recyclable material is considered contaminated and cannot be processed further. So instead of being used in new products, the material has to be discarded-just as though it had never been collected for recycling in the first place.
Third, single-stream recycling systems are expensive to build. A single-stream system facility generally costs more than three times what a traditional recycling facility costs. Most cities and towns have limited funds, and if they already have a traditional system that works, there is no reason for them to spend the money to build a new,single-stream system.
单流回收方式虽非尽善尽美，但相比之前的系统是巨大进步，也是开展回收项目的最佳选择。
Single stream recycling may not be perfect. Still, it's a major improvement over previous recycling systems and as our best option for a recycling program.
对于切割玻璃的工人，可通过安全培训、监督、提供防护服及保障医疗救助等措施降低受伤风险，为其提供合理安全保障。
First, what about the potential for injury to workers who sought glass? Several steps can be taken to reduce the risk to acceptable levels. Workers can be given safety training and be monitored to make sure they follow the proper safety procedures. They are also required to wear protective clothing and there should be quick access to medical help if an injury occurs. These measures can ensure reasonable safety for workers.
Second, it's true that some of the collected material gets contaminated and so ends up aswaste. But if you look at the overall picture, single stream recycling actually reduces waste. Consider this placing all recyclables in a single container is easy and convenient. And that encourages many more families to participate in the recycling program instead of just throwing stuff away as waste, which is what they did in the traditional system. Single stream recycling greatly increases the overall amount of material that gets recycled and reused. This more than makes up for the small amount that's contaminated.
Third, while single stream recycling systems are initially more expensive to build, they areless expensive to operate than traditional recycling programs. This is because you can reduce cost with single stream collection trucks. You see in a traditional system to pick up one family's recycling required two trucks, one truck for 1 type of recyclable materials another truck for the other types, the fuel and labor cost for operating the trucks were very high. With a new system, you can just use one truck to pick up all recyclables which will save money. Once the initial cost of implementing a single stream recycling facility system is paid for, the overall cost of operating the program goes down dramatically.
Dr. Diaz: ：
In today's context, there's a growing consensus that education should extend beyond high school and college, encompassing lifelong learning. Imagine you're a student engaging with this topic. Your input is sought on which specific field adults should focus on for ongoing education. Given this perspective, the question to you is: Considering the shift towards lifelong education, which field of study do you believe adults should prioritize for their continuous learning journey?
Andrew:
In my opinion, it's important for adults to have the opportunity to take foreign language classes as part of their lifelong education. Learning a new language can open doors to different cultures, enhance communication skills, and boost career prospects. Plus, it's a way to keep our minds active and engaged throughout our lives. So, I believe offering foreign language courses to adults is a valuable way to support their continuous learning journey.
Claire:
I think art classes should definitely be available to adults as part of lifelong education. Engaging in art allows us to express ourselves, relieve stress, and tap into our creativity. Even if someone didn't have the chance to explore art when they were younger, providing these classes to adults can offer them a way to discover new talents, develop new hobbies, and continue growing personally, no matter their age.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? lt is easier to be an adult than to be a child. Imagine that you need to take a course next semester and must decide between two professors to take it with. The first professor is very interesting but has a strict grading policy. The second professor is boring but has an easy grading policy. Which professor would you prefer to take the course with? Explain why.
- 阅读：Removal of Murals From Gym
因为这个mural已经褪色，hire people to fix需要钱，而且mural过时了。
- 听力：学生不同意
1. Let students clean murals, they can treat it as an assignment
2. Murals are old, but they are interesting. Part of history.
- 阅读：Availability Cascade
当越来越多的人在谈论、重复一个观点时，别人也会觉得“大家都在说，那应该是真的。”
- 听力：例子是一个popular travel website，说人们用这个网站本来很省钱，但是有媒体说这个网站overcharge，即使后面这个网站出来道歉了，但是因为大家已经相信媒体的话，所以这个网站最后已经不那么流行了。
听力：2种蚂蚁保持自身干净的方法
方法1：用腿上的毛把触须上的脏东西刷掉
方法2：利用化学物质
Imagine that you need to take a course next semester and must decide between two professors to take it with. The first professor is very interesting but has a strict grading policy. The second professor is boring but has an easy grading policy. Which professor would you prefer to take the course with? Explain why.
阅读：学校决定把arts center中的其中一个剧院改建成教室
原因1.两个theatre中的其中一个不常用
原因2.是一个efficient use of school resources可以costless
听力：女生表示反对
理由1：是这个剧场位置太远，离大学中心很远
理由2：是关于他们担心的成本问题，其实可以通过减少一些不必要的教室转换来解决
阅读：Simplify Cause Effect
如果只依据之前发生的某件事（来判断），就不会再认可（其他因素的作用），同时还会忽略其他可能的原因。
听力：教授用自己的经历举了个例子，他和医生朋友在聚会上聊到现在人平均寿命变长的原因，医生朋友只认为是医生改进了药品、提高了技术；教授则补充说，这可能还和社会治安变好等其他因素有关。
听力：鸟类抵御大风等恶劣天气主要有两个方式。
方式1：是鸟类能提前接收恶劣天气的预警并做好准备，比如它们耳朵里有特殊器官，能感知气压变化，从而提前储备食物等；
方式2：是一些地方存在微气候，而鸟类体型足够小，能躲进这些微气候中，例如可以躲到常青针叶植物下面，这些植物的叶子能阻挡风雪，帮助它们存活。
When going on vacation in a different city, some people prefer to go camping in a tent, while others prefer to stay at a hotel. Which would you prefer and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.
- 延长选课周期
- 生物行为：例子是猴子会抱团、模仿另一种动物，抵御捕食者以蝴蝶为例，说明蝴蝶飞到高处是为了求偶。
- 心理学
1. polar dinosaur
2. 古埃及文字
3. sika deer
4. indigo
靛蓝是一种蓝色染料，由生长于热带和亚热带气候下的蓝靛属植物制成，自古以来就备受珍视。然而，在十六世纪末之前，靛蓝在欧洲并未得到广泛使用，因为产生蓝色的亚麻属植物极为丰富。实际上，在中世纪后期(约1350年至1500年)，在英国，政府通过大量进口靛蓝来保护本土的亚麻工业，免受外来靛蓝的竞争，因为亚麻的生长和制造为许多英国种植者和染色工提供了生计。由靛蓝属植物制成的染料在英国和整个北欧地区是一种罕见的奢侈品，从中东进口，主要用作颜料和墨水。然而，靛蓝属植物所提取染料的优越性促使欧洲人开始尝试自行生产这种染料，从而摆脱对昂贵的外来进口的依赖，而这些进口染料主要通过阿拉伯贸易网络获得。葡萄牙和西班牙是率先获得自产靛蓝的欧洲国家，其靛蓝来自它们在中美洲和南美洲温暖地区的殖民地。其他国家紧随其后，在热带和亚热带地区建立了殖民地，这些地区盛产靛蓝和其他重要产品。
5.Natufians and the Domestication of Grain
6. evidence for continental drift
7. landscapes and climate
一个影响气候变化的因素一直被相对忽视，直到最近才受到关注:景观(一片土地上的可见特征)的影响。地球表面对于气候的深远影响在单一土地覆盖类型区域表现得最为明显。例如，沙漠地区在白天会经历相对较高的温度，这是因为缺乏植被覆盖来提供遮阳，同时土壤湿度也较低无法通过蒸发来冷却空气。热带雨林拥有大量的水资源，因此在白天远比大多数沙漠环境凉爽尽管它们在赤道纬度接收到的太阳能更多。在这两个极端情况下，主导的环境条件并非由温室气体浓度的区域差异所致，而是反映了地表特性对气候的强烈影响。
8. movable type in Europe
9. 北美鸟类繁衍和栖息地的关系
10. 水车在工业革命前的应用
conceivable
substantial
profusion
versatile
contemporary
remnant
1.暑期找工作
2.关于学生要去一个新发掘的考古遗迹当个志愿者
3.换宿舍
4.关于某种俄国写作风格
5.讨论教学方法
6.讨论学生戏剧彩排
7.食品和退休话题
8.学生求职的校园对话，女生起初是游泳队的，后来发现自己在游泳方面天赋平平，便踏实下来专心钻研自己的学术，专业是软件相关；老师原本给她介绍了一门科学史课程，可这门课与她的时间安排有冲突，之后老师又为她介绍了一位教授软件的老师，她同意了。
1.camouflage
2.艺术风格
3.vacuum新技术发明
4.marine的声音
5.荷兰两个画家
6.counterproof
7.恐龙命名
8.地震
9.海洋微生物:海面上的微生物和深海的微生物是不一样的，因为它能吸收温室气体。
10.图书馆如何保护书籍，光和氧气它都会让书籍受损。美国有一个图书馆的其中一项措施是让每一页都受保护，但该方法非常昂贵。后面教授又讲了其他的保护措施。
11.无声电影。摄像机的艺术技术对电影制作的影响
2025.8.23下午场
第一段：20世纪60年代，在保加利亚瓦尔纳发现了一个距今约6500年的史前墓地，包含至少300个墓葬。部分墓葬中出士了黄金和稀有材料制成的饰品，其中最华丽的墓主人佩戴了用金片修补过的海贝手镯。该贝壳来自地中海的棘牡蛎（Spondylus），而非黑海。科学检测表明这些贝壳饰品源自爱琴海，当地工匠在公元前七至六千纪就已开始用其制作手镯等饰品。
第二段：Spondylus 饰品的意义至今仍神秘，但显然极具价值，常随葬，象征地位和威望。许多饰品长期使用、代代相传，成为传家宝。一些遗址还发现了贝壳再加工的痕迹，说明这种资源珍贵有限。更引人注目的是，考古学家发现不少饰品被人为损坏，而非制作失误。可能是为了展示身份地位，也可能有精神或宗教意义。2006年研究发现，很多碎裂的环状饰品被部分放入墓中，其余碎片缺失。
第三段：有可能这些贝壳环是在葬礼中被仪式性打碎：部分碎片随死者埋葬，其余分给亲友，象征生者与死者的联系；也可能碎环用于维系生者之间的联系，人们分持碎片，最后再于墓葬中合并。整个旧欧洲还发现过其他类似被有意毁坏的物品，如小陶偶被投入火中烧裂。
第四段：考古学家还尝试佩戴这些古代手镯，发现大多数对成年人来说太小，但适合儿童，甚至可戴在脚踝上。这说明旧欧洲的人们可能从童年起就假戴 Spondylus 环饰，并终身假戴，直到无法取下。
第一段：二战后，欧洲因经济快速增长而形成新社会，社会更加流动和民主，旧日的阶级壁垒松动，阶级区分变得模糊。
第二段：中产阶级结构变化显著：传统依靠财产和家族关系的中产褒落，新兴的管理人员和专家取而代之，社会地位更多依赖组织中的能力和教育水平，中产阶级规模扩大，界限也更难定义。
第三段：这一变化的原因包括工业和技术扩张对专象和管理人员的需求增加、象族企业衰落、小企业消失。新中产阶级由受过商等教育的专业人士组成，更注重效率和实际问题解决，阶层更开放民主，但也更不稳定。
第四段：下层阶级结构也更灵活：大量人口离开农村，农业人口锐减；产业工人不再扩张，白领和服务业职位大福增加，工人也受过更好教育，更专业化。
第五段：欧洲各国通过社会保障改革缓解阶级矛盾，包括失业救济、退休金、全民医疗、家庭津贴、产假补助和公共住房建设。这些改革提高了全民生活水平，促进了社会平等，部分资金来自对富人的高税收。
第六段：生活水平提高和消费品普及进一步缩小社会差距。汽车业快速发展，汽车逐渐平民化。家庭电器（如洗衣机、冰箱、电视等）广泛普及，分期付歌和社会保障的扩展让人们敢于贷歌消费，推动了消费社会形成。
day length 对动物reproduction的影响
有些学校提供美术和音乐课，有些学校不开设这些课程。你觉得哪个好然后给出理由。
There are two kinds of jobs. One offers you much higher salary but you don't have holidays while another gives you a relatively low payment but you could take a break and have some time to rest. Which of these two jobs do you like to choose? Explain why with details and examples.
Some students prefer to take classes with interesting professors who are strict graders, while others prefer to take classes with boring professors who grade more leniently. Which do you prefer?
simple- stream recycling的缺点
Dr. Diaz: In today's context, there's a growing consensus that education should extend beyond high school and college, encompassing lifelong learning. Imagine you're a student engaging with this topic. Your input is sought on which specific field adults should focus on for ongoing education. Given this perspective, the question to you is: Considering the shift towards lifelong education, which field of study do you believe adults should prioritize for their continuous learning journey?
独角鲸narwhal的牙tusk的三种功能
Dr. Gupta：With the widespread use of technology, some people believe that long exposure to digital devices will have a bad influence on the brain development of children. Do you think technology has made children less creative than they were in the past? Why?
环球教育作为国际教育领域的专业机构，针对北美留学需求，精心打造备考课程，帮助学生系统掌握考试技巧，全面提升语言能力和学术水平，通过科学系统的课程设置和个性化的辅导方案，已帮助数万名学子实现留学梦想😉
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托福秋季班，火热报名中
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